VZL 2006, 75(2):56-64

Acute Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Immune System

Jana Rostová1, Lenka Borská2, Zdeněk Fiala1, Jan Krejsek3
1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Ústav hygieny a preventivního lékařství Lékařské fakulty v Hradci Králové
2 Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Ústav patologické fyziologie Lékařské fakulty v Hradci Králové
3 Ústav klinické imunologie a alergologie Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové

Akutní expozice ultrafialovému záření (UV) vyvolává v organismu řadu akutních změn, jejichž rozsah a intenzita jsou modifikovány individuálními faktory. Cílem předkládané práce je přehled aktuálních poznatků o mechanismech akutního působení UV záření na imunitní systém. Imunitní změny vyvolané expozicí UV záření se projevují především poruchou protinádorové imunity, kontaktní hypersenzitivitou (CHS) i reakcí oddálené přecitlivělosti (DTH, tuberkulinová, granulomatózní) a vznikem "hapten specifické tolerance". Mezi významné chromofory pro fotoimunosupresi patří kyselina urokanová a vznik thyminových dimerů v DNA (CPDs). Následkem UV záření jsou aktivovány transkripční faktory, např. AP-1, AP-2, NFκB, Stat3, TOB1, BTG2 a p52. Jiné transkripční faktory jsou naopak potlačeny (Id-rodina represorů transkripce a NF-Y, cykliny). Po akutní expozici UV záření se zvyšuje uvolňování prostaglandinů (PGE2) a imunosupresivních cytokinů (TNFα, IL-10, IL-4 a IL-11). Snižuje se počet Langerhansových buněk, mění se jejich tvar a exprese povrchových molekul s následnou poruchou antigenní prezentace a přesměrováním imunitní odpovědi k Th2 typu. Přiblížení mechanismů vybraných akutních účinků UV záření na imunitní systém může přispět k efektivnější prevenci a účinnější terapii onemocnění indukovaných UV zářením.

Keywords: Ultrafialové záření; Imunologické změny

Long term exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) causes many acute changes in organism, extent and intensity of which are modified by individual factors. The aim of this work is the review of current experience with mechanisms of acute effects of UV radiation on the immune system. Immune changes, caused by exposure to UV radiation, are manifested at first with antitumorous immunity damage, contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and late hypersensitivity reactions (DTH, tuberculine, granulomatous) and also with "hapten specific tolerance". Urocanic acid and the rise of thymine dimmers in DNA (CPDs) belong among significant chromophores for photoimmunosuppression. In consequence of UV radiation, the transcriptional factors e.g. AP-1, AP-2, NFκB, Stat3, TOB1, BTG2 and p53 are activated. Other transcriptional factors are inhibited (Id-family of transcription repressors and NF-Y, cyclines). Prostaglandins (PGE2) and immunosuppressive cytokines (TNFα, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-11) release increases after acute exposure to UV radiation. The number of Langerhans' cells decreases; they change their shape and expression of surface molecules with the consequence of antigen presentation damage and immune answer redirection towards Th2 type.Acquaintance with the mechanisms of selected acute UV radiation effects on the immune system may contribute to more effective prevention and therapy of diseases caused by UV radiation.

Keywords: Ultraviolet radiation; Immunological changes

Received: February 17, 2006; Published: June 1, 2006  Show citation

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Rostová, J., Borská, L., Fiala, Z., & Krejsek, J. (2006). Acute Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Immune System. Vojenské Zdravotnické Listy, 75(2), 56-64
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