MMSL, 2025 (vol. 94), issue 1
A POSSIBLE EFFECT OF EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION ON COLLAGE TYPE II –α1 LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH LOW BACK PAINOriginal article
Zainab R. Alqaseer, Ajil A. Alzamily, Raad A. Alkhafaji, Emad M. Hussain, Thaier A. Alkhafaji
MMSL 2025, 94(1):2-9 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2023.044 
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common musckloskeletal diseases and usual treated by epidural steroid injection (ESI). ESIs improve patients' quality of life, reduce lumbar radicular pain, and postpone spinal surgery. The mechanism of improvement is yet unscertain, perhaps involve type α collagen (COL2α) for bone maintenance, hence, we sought to investigate the role of injected steroids in bone healing focusing on the role of COL2α.Methods: All patients in this research were diagnosed by specialists based on their histories and clinical features and associated diseaeses or compiling therapy. Serum samples collected from...
SPECIFIC 23S rRNA GENE FOR DETECTION OF STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SOURCESOriginal article
Bassima M. Ali, Essra Gh Alsammak
MMSL 2025, 94(1):10-19 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2023.045
Background: Stenotrophomonas infections are becoming more widespread around the world and can be counted as a “newly emerging pathogen of concern". The present study aimed to detect a variety of Stenotrophomonas species (S. maltophilia) using specific 23S rRNA gene primers and investigate their multi-drug resistance potential.Methods: This study includes 375 clinical samples from different clinical sources 175 from males and 200 from females collected from Mosul City Hospital. Identification of Stenotrophomonas was conducted through multiple steps including culturing methods, molecular methods in addition to some biochemical...
ROLE OF MicroRNA-146A IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSISOriginal article
Wisam S. Abood, Ali G. Radhi
MMSL 2025, 94(1):20-26 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2023.046
Background and Objectives: Liver cirrhosis is a serious and chronic condition that affects the liver, causing irreversible damage and scarring. The present study is designed to find out a possible correlation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with cirrhosis by microRNA.Methods: The fold expression of the identified microRNAs by RT qPCR was determined to estimate the concentrations of circulating microRNAs in all samples. This study's main objective was to examine microRNA21-5p expression in liver cirrhosis patients. To extract RNA from samples of whole blood from all specimens in EDTA tubes, the study entailed collecting 60 specimens from the perspective...
ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASEReview article
Ondřej Kučerka, Martin Malý, Petra Mináriková, Jan M. Horáček
MMSL 2025, 94(1):27-36 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2024.001
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment implications of ASCVD in IBD patients. A number of processes are involved in the increased risk of ASCVD, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, platelet abnormalities, dyslipidaemia, gut microbiome abnormalities and the use of corticosteroids. While the precise pathophysiology remains complex, the management of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors is essential to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in IBD patients....
COMPARISON OF PARAMEDIC COMPETENCIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, POLAND, SLOVAKIA AND GERMANYReview article
Jaroslav ®ďára, Jiří Kusák
MMSL 2025, 94(1):37-46 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2024.002
The profession of paramedic has become an integral part of the health care delivery system in the Czech Republic. It is a profession belonging to the group of regulated professions, with clearly defined rules for education and practice itself.This study attempted to map how the competences and professional training methods of RNs differ in the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany and Slovakia, which are the closest states to the Czech Republic and also have a similar approach to the pre-hospital care system. There is a real assumption that the principles of training paramedics and their competence will not differ significantly within these EU states. The...