VZL 2008, 77(2):37-42
Methods of Timely Nephrotoxicity Detection in Treatment with Cyclophosphamide
- 1 Univerzita obrany, katedra válečného vnitřního lékařství Fakulty vojenského zdravotnictví, Hradec Králové
- 2 Klinika onkologie a radioterapie Fakultní nemocnice a Lékařské fakulty UK v Hradci Králové
- 3 II. interní klinika Fakultní nemocnice a Lékařské fakulty UK v Hradci Králové
V naší práci provádíme srovnání detekce nefropatie způsobené nefrotoxickým vlivem cyklofosfamidu pomocí mikroalbuminurie (Ma) a vyšetření spektra bílkovin v moči dvojrozměrnou gelovou vysokorozlišovací elektroforézou (DGVE).
Mikroalbuminurie byla vyšetřována u 11 nemocných (5 žen a 6 mužů) se základní hematoonkologickou chorobou (akutní leukémie a mnohočetný myelom) indikovanou k cytostatické léčbě. Pět nemocných bylo léčeno pro akutní leukémii (2 muži a 3 ženy) a 6 nemocných s mnohočetným myelomem (4 muži a 2 ženy). Nemocným byl aplikován cyklofosfamid v tříhodinové infuzi v průměrné dávce 3200 mg.m-2. U všech byla současně vyšetřena moč metodou DGVE ve dnech, kdy byla vyšetřena i Ma. U pacientů zařazených do sestavy neprokázalo předchozí vyšetření přítomnost ledvinného postižení. U všech nemocných byla vhodnou hydratací během podávání cytostatika zabezpečena diuréza nejméně 3 l/24 h, u většiny byla však daleko vyšší. Ma byla vyšetřena před podáním cytostatik, první den po skončení léčebné kúry a za deset dnů po skončení cytostatické léčby. Při podrobné analýze se objevují pestré a polymorfní změny. Jsou individuální, tj. u každého nemocného rozdílné. Jejich analýzu a interpretaci při současném stupni znalostí a zkušeností s touto metodikou zatím určit nelze. Proto byly jako příklad demonstrovány mapy vylučovaných proteinů jen u jedné nemocné s mnohočetným myelomem, a to před podáním cytostatické léčby, první den po skončení léčby a desátý den po léčbě.
Z demonstrovaných nálezů, a tak tomu bylo u všech provedených analýz, jsou patrny výrazné posuny v individuálním spektru vylučovaných proteinů. Ledvina tedy určitým způsobem na tento druh léčby reaguje, cytostatika a polyurie ovlivňují charakter proteinurie.
Keywords: Nefrotoxicita; Cyklofosfamid; Mikroalbuminurie
In this paper we compare two methods for detection of nephropathy - determination of microalbuminuria (Ma) and examination of human protein spectrum in urine with two-dimensional gel high-resolution electrophoresis (TGHE) caused by nephrotoxic effect of cyclophosphamide.Microalbuminuria was examined in 11 patients (6 men and 5 women) with basic hematooncologic disease (acute leukemia and multiple myeloma) indicated to cytostatic treatment. Five patients were treated for acute leukemia (2 men and 3 women) and 6 patients for multiple myeloma (4 men and 2 women). All patients were given cyclophosphamide in a 3-hour infusion at a mean dose of 3200 mg.m-2. Simultaneously with Ma, urine of all patients was examined with TGHE. In our group of patients, prior examination did not show any presence of kidney affection. In all patients, diuresis (at least 3 l/24 h) was secured by suitable hydration during application of cytostatics, however, in most of them it was much higher. Ma was examined before cytostatic application and day 1 and 10 after its end. An analysis revealed diversified and polymorphic changes. They were individual, i.e. different in each patient. However, at the present state of knowledge and insufficient experience with the method, their analysis and interpretation cannot yet be done. Therefore, just as an example, reference maps of excreted proteins only in 1 female patient with multiple myeloma were made up: prior to cytostatic therapy and 1 and 10 days after its completion.We found out that kidney function was changed in a certain way, and the use of the cytostatic drug and sub-sequent polyuria influenced the character of proteinuria.
Keywords: Nephrotoxicity; Cyclophosphamide; Microalbuminuria
Received: May 14, 2007; Published: June 1, 2008 Show citation
ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
References
- ARRAMBIDE, K. - TOTO, RD. Tumor lysis syndrome. Semin. Nephrol., 1993, vol. 13, p. 273-280.
Go to PubMed...
- BJELLQUIST, B., et al. A nonlinear wide-range immobilized pH gradient for two-dimensional electrophoresis and its definition in a relevant pH scale. Electrophoresis, 1993, vol. 14, p. 1357-1365.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- BEN DHIA, N., et al. Insufisance rénale aigüe aux antibiotiques. Med. Malad. Infekt., 1999, vol. 29, p. 411-414.
Go to original source...
- BROE, ME. DE., et al. Clinical nephrotoxins. Netherland, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1998.
- COHEN, EP., et al. Clinical course of late-onset bone marrow transplant nephropathy. Nephron, 1993, vol. 64, p. 626-635.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- DeFRONZO, RA. - ABELOFF, M. - BRAINE, H. Renal dysfunction after treatment with isophosphamide (NSC 109724). Cancer Chemother. Rep., 1974, vol. 58, p. 375-382.
- DeFRONZO, RA. - COLVIN, O. - BRAINE H. Cyclophosphamide and he kidney. Cancer, 1974, vol. 33, p. 483-491.
Go to original source...
- DITLOVE, J., et al. Meticillin nephritis. Postgrad. Med., 1977, vol. 56, p. 483.
Go to original source...
- GOREN, MP., et al. Dechloroethylation of ifosfamide and neurotoxicity (letter). Lancet, 1986, vol. 2, p. 1219-1220.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- HEIDEMANN, HT. - GERKENS, JF. - SPICKARD, WA. Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by salt repletion. Am. J. Med., 1983, vol. 75, p. 476.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- KLENER, P. Protinádorová chemoterapie. Praha, Galén, 1966.
- Kompendium klinické medicíny. 1. čes. vyd. Praha, X-Egem, 1996.
- KRONING, R. - KATZ, D. - LICHTENSTEIN, A. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity in cultured mouse renal tubular epithelial cells. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 1996, vol. 7, p. A2975.
- LO, WK., et al. Ciprofloxacin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with cancer. Arch. Intern. Med., 1993, vol. 153, p. 1258.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- MARSHALL, T. - WILLIAMS, KM. Clinical analysis of human urinary proteins using high resolution electrophoretic methods. Electrophoresis, 1998, vol. 19, p. 1752-1770.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- MEGYESI, J. - DIMARI, J. - PRICE, P. Renal cell fate following cisplatin (CP)-induced acute renal failure (ARF). J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 1996, vol. 7, p. A2979.
- MEYER, KB. - MADIAS, N. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Miner. Electrolyte Metab., 1944, vol. 20, p. 201-213.
- NARINS, RG., et al. The nephrotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Semin. Nephrol., 1990, vol. 10, p. 556-564.
Go to PubMed...
- NEUGARTEN, J. - GALLO, G. - BALDWIN, DS. Rifampin-induced nephrotic syndrome and acute interstitial nephritis. Am. J. Nephrol., 1983, vol. 3, p. 38.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- PRATT, CB., et al. Ifosfamide, Fanconi's syndrome, and rickets. J. Clin. Oncol., 1991, vol. 9, p. 1495-1499.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- RAMAGLI, LS. - RODRIGUEZ, LV. Quantitation of microgram amounts of protein in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis sample buffer. Anal. Biochem., 1976, vol. 72, p. 248-254.
Go to PubMed...
- REMUZZI, G. - RUGGENENTI, P. The hemolytic uremic syndrome. Kidney Int., 1995, vol. 47, p. 2-19.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- RISLER, T. - MÜLLER, G. - ROSENDAHL, W. Therapieschemata Nephrologie. München, Urban and Schwartzenberg, 1993.
- ROSSI, R. Nephrotoxicity of cytostatic therapy. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 1996, vol. 11, p. 1902-1906.
Go to original source...
- SHORE, R., et al. Iphosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in children. Pediatr. Nephrol., 1992, vol. 6, p. 162-165.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- SKINNER, R., et al. Risk factors for ifosfamide nephrotoxicity in children. Lancet, 1996, vol. 348, p. 1100-1101.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- SKINNER, R., et al. Nephrotoxicity after ifosfamide. Arch. Dis. Child, 1990, vol. 65, p. 732-738.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- SUAREZ, A., et al. Long-term follow-up of ifosfamide renal toxicity in children treated for malignant mesenchymal tumors: an International Society of Pediatric Oncology report. J. Clin. Oncol., 1991, vol. 9, p. 2177-2182.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- TESAŘ, V. - TESAŘOVÁ, P. - KLENER, P. Nefrotoxicita cytostatické léčby. Patogeneze, prevence, terapie. Čas. Lék. čes., 1997, roč. 136, s. 205-209.
- THATTE, L. - VAAMONDE, CA. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The crucial role of risk factors. Postgrad. Med., 1996, vol. 100, p. 83-100.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- TICHÝ, M. - STULÍK, J. - KOVÁŘOVÁ, H., et al. Analysis of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in urine using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Neoplasma, 1995, vol. 42, p. 31-34.
Go to PubMed...
- TUNE, BM. The renal toxicity of beta-lactam antibiotics: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1998.
Go to original source...
- VERPOOTEN, GA. - TULKENS, PM. - BENNETT, WM. Aminoglycosides and vancomycins. Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1998.
Go to original source...