MMSL 2018, 87(3):106-118 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2018.021

SULFUR MUSTARD: PERSISTING THREATReview article

Petr Jošt ORCID..., Ľubica Múčková ORCID..., Rudolf Štětina, Jaroslav Pejchal ORCID...*
Katedra toxikologie a vojenské farmacie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví, Univerzita obrany, Česká republika

Tento přehledový článek poskytuje informace o zpuchýřujících bojových chemických látkách. Hlavní pozornost je věnována sirnému yperitu. Článek shrnuje historii této chemické látky od jejího objevu až po současnost, dále fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti, toxikokinetiku a klinický obraz akutní intoxikace. Probírány jsou i pozdní následky expozice. Laboratorní diagnostika expozice sirnému yperitu je otázkou, na kterou je aktuálně upřena celosvětová pozornost mnoha výzkumných skupin. Současné terapeutické přístupy doporučené organizací NATO jsou zaměřeny na rychlou dekontaminaci a symptomatickou léčbu. Přes všechny snahy, nebylo do dnešní doby nalezeno účinné a použitelné antidotum, které by zabránilo devastujícím následkům expozice. Efektivní ochrana před sirným yperitem tak nadále spočívá v zamezení kontaktu s organismem.

Keywords: sirný yperit; bis(2-chlorethyl)sulfid; toxicita; toxikokinetika; intoxikace; laboratorní diagnostika; terapie

This review provides information about blistering chemical warfare agents. The main focus lies on the sulfur mustard. The article summarizes the history of this agent from its discovery to the present, physicochemical properties, toxicokinetics, and the clinical picture of acute intoxication. Late effects of poisoning are discussed as well. The laboratory diagnosis of sulfur mustard exposure is an issue that is currently being discussed by many research groups worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches recommended by NATO are aimed at rapid decontamination and symptomatic treatment. In spite of all efforts, no potent and usable antidote has been found to prevent the devastating outcomes of the exposure. Therefore, efficient protection against sulfur mustard still consists of preventing the contact with organism.

Keywords: sulfur mustard; bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; toxicity; toxicokinetics; intoxication; laboratory detection; therapy

Received: April 5, 2018; Revised: May 15, 2018; Published: September 7, 2018  Show citation

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Jošt, P., Múčková, Ľ., Štětina, R., & Pejchal, J. (2018). SULFUR MUSTARD: PERSISTING THREAT. MMSL, 87(3), 106-118. doi: 10.31482/mmsl.2018.021
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