MMSL 2021, 90(4):208-219 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2021.022

COUNTER-PANDEMIC ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE POLISH ARMY FORCES. LESSONS LEARNED AFTER ONE YEAR OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMICReview article

W³odzimierz W±tor ORCID...
University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland

The aim of the article is to review activities of selected European armies during the Covid-19 pandemic aimed at protecting their own forces and supporting societies in danger. The attention is drawn to the importance of protection against the pandemic and its legal and organizational conditions. The analysis is based on the example of the Polish Armed Forces. The method of information exchange in the case of an outbreak of infectious diseases among soldiers and civilians in NATO is presented, taking into account various national solutions. The scope and methods of using chemical troops during disinfection of people, equipment, and infrastructure are analyzed in detail.

Keywords: pandemic; Covid-19; chemical troops; disinfection

Received: February 23, 2021; Revised: May 8, 2021; Accepted: May 26, 2021; Prepublished online: June 14, 2021; Published: December 3, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
W±tor, W. (2021). COUNTER-PANDEMIC ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE POLISH ARMY FORCES. LESSONS LEARNED AFTER ONE YEAR OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. MMSL90(4), 208-219. doi: 10.31482/mmsl.2021.022
Download citation

References

  1. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (accessed: 28 January 2021).
  2. Czarnecki K. Human activity as a basic potential of his/her professional development (problem outline). Problems of Professionology. 2006;2:71-77.
  3. Cartwright F, Biddis M. Invisible enemies. Infections and the history. Warsaw, 2002.
  4. Croddy E, Perez-Armendariz C. Hart J. Chemical and biological weapons. The report for civilians, Warsaw 2003. Go to original source...
  5. Gulisano P. Pandemics. From plague to bird flu. Poznañ, 2007.
  6. Michalski M. Epidemics as causes of military defeats and severe loss of life and property in: Felsmann MZ, et al. (ed.) "Former Military Medicine and Veterinary Medicine - The Patient", Che³mno 2011.
  7. Briefing note of the Defence Attache in the French Republic dated 23 November 2020.
  8. Briefing note from the Defence Attache in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland dated 13 November 2020 and Romania dated 6 November 2020.
  9. Briefing note from the Defence Attache in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland dated 13 November 2020.
  10. Briefing note from the Defence Attache in the Czech Republic dated 13 November 2020.
  11. Briefing note from the Defence Attache in the Federal Republic of Germany dated 10 December 2020.
  12. Briefing note from the Defence Attache in the Kingdom of Spain dated 13 November 2020.
  13. Act of March 14, 1985 on State Sanitary Inspection (Journal of Laws of 2019.59 dated 11 January 2019).
  14. Regulation of the Minister of Defense of 13 March 2020 on Military Sanitary Inspection (Journal of Laws of 2020.432 dated 13 March 2020).
  15. Kêpka P. Bioterrorism. Poland towards use of biological weapons, Warsaw 2009.
  16. Kêpka P. Cooperation between rescue services and armed forces in case of use of biological weapons in Poland, PhD thesis, Warsaw 2007.
  17. Interview with the Deputy Chief of the Epidemiological Response Centre of the Polish Armed Forces conducted on the 12 April 2021.
  18. Decision No. 1082/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on serious cross-border threats to health and repealing Decision No. 2119/98/WE, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013D1082 (accessed: 16 December 2020).
  19. Regulation (EC) No. 851/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 establishing a European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control., https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32004R0851&from=EN (accessed: 11 January 2021).
  20. https://100lat.pzh.gov.pl/kalendarium/ (accessed 11 January 2021).
  21. Act of 30 April 2010 on research institutes (Journal of Laws of 2020, item1383).
  22. Act of 5 December 2008 on prevention and control of infections and infectious diseases in humans (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 1845, 2112).
  23. Jawetz EJL, Melnick JL, et al.A Review of medical microbiology, Warsaw 1991.
  24. Instruction on sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic protection of the army during peace, crisis and war, Warsaw 2013.
  25. Briefing note from the Defence Attache in the Kingdom of Norway dated 8 December 2020.
  26. Zdzienicki S. The Role of Disinfection and Sanitation, in: Scientific and Training Conference on "Protection and Defense against Biological Weapons", £ód¼ 1985.
  27. Act of 13 September 2002 on biocidal products (Journal of Laws of 2015, item 242).
  28. Regulation of the Minister of Health of 17 January 2003 on categories and groups of biocidal products according to their purpose (Journal of Laws of 2002, No. 16, item 150).
  29. Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC.
  30. Act of 26 April 2007 on crisis management (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 1856).
  31. Concept of using military forces and resources to combat coronavirus 2019-nCov. Materials of The Armed Forces General Command, Warsaw 2020.
  32. Dudziñski £., How to protect a rescuer in: Firefighters' Review No. 5/20.
  33. The concept of using disinfection groups designed to disinfect equipment, supplies, rooms, and field infrastructure during an outbreak or threat of SARS-COV-2 virus, Warsaw, 2020.
  34. Act of 26 April 2007 on crisis management (Journal of Laws of 2007, item 590).
  35. Operational data of 2nd Regional Logistic Base (non-published materials, April 2021).
  36. Decision no. 165/DWOT of of the Minister of Defence of 30 April 2020 on the establishment of Swab Groups by the Polish Armed Forces to support the collection of swabs from persons under epidemiological surveillance for testing for SARS-CoV-2.
  37. Recommendations of National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene for molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, Warsaw 2020 and Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Update of Recommendations, Warsaw 2021.
  38. Operational data of the Armed Forces General Command Weapons of Mass Destruction Defense Board and the Central Contamination Analysis Center, Warsaw 2021 (unpublished material)
  39. Operational data of the Epidemiological Response Centre of the Polish Armed Forces (unpublished material, based on expert interview, April 2021).