MMSL, 2011 (vol. 80), issue 1
β-AMINO ACIDS AND THEIR NATURAL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE DERIVATIVES. 5. DERIVATIVES OF UNUSUAL ALICYCLIC AND HETEROCYCLIC β-AMIMO ACIDSReview article
Jiří Patočka
MMSL 2011, 80(1):2-11 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2011.001 
α-Amino carboxylic acids are one of five major classes of natural products and play a crucial role in diverse biological functions. Historically, the amino acids have been subdivided into proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic respresentatives. β-Amino acids are similar to alfa-amino acids in that they contain an amino terminus and a carboxyl terminus. However, in β-amino acids two carbon atoms separate these functional termini. β-Amino acids, with a specific side chain, can exist as the R or S isomers at either the α(C2) carbon or the β(C3) carbon. This results in a total of 4 possible diastereoisomers for any given side...
A COMPARISON OF THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF INDIVIDUAL OXIMES (HI-6, TRIMEDOXIME, K203) AND THEIR MIXTURES (HI-6 + TRIMEDOXIME, HI-6 + K203) IN CYCLOSARIN-POISONED RATSOriginal article
Jiří Kassa, Jana Žďárová Karasová
MMSL 2011, 80(1):12-20 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2011.002
The ability of three oximes (HI-6, trimedoxime, K203) to reduce cyclosarin-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms was compared with the neuroprotective efficacy of two combinations of oximes (HI-6 + trimedoxime, HI-6 + K203) using a functional observational battery. Cyclosarin-induced neurotoxicity and the neuroprotective effects of HI-6, trimedoxime or K203 alone and HI-6 combined with trimedoxime or K203 in rats poisoned with cyclosarin at a sublethal dose (80 μg/kg i.m.; 70% of LD50 value) were monitored by the functional observational battery at 24 hours and 7 days following cyclosarin challenge. The results indicate that all...
ONTOLOGICAL MODELS AND EXPERT SYSTEMS IN DECISION SUPPORT OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONSOriginal article
Pavel Čech, Vladimír Bureš, Karel Antoš, Tereza Otčenášková, Aleš Macela, Petr Musílek
MMSL 2011, 80(1):21-27 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2011.003
During emergency response operations many decisions have to be made. Information technologies provide possibilities for new tools to support decision makers in decisions that comprise of many critical factors and that require specialized knowledge. In these tools the complexity is tackled using modelling and simulations of possible scenarios of response operations. Today, conceptual modelling in the field of information technology is oriented on the ontological approach. Ontology is a shared vocabulary and an unambiguous machine processed specification of terms together with their relationships. The ontology can have the form of a taxonomy or classification,...
CYTOKINESIS-BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS (CBMN) ASSAY/CBMN CYTOME ASSAY IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES AFTER IN VITRO IRRADIATION AND ITS USE IN BIODOSIMETRYOriginal article
Jaroslav Pejchal, Vladimira Vasilieva, Milena Hristozova, Zdeňka Vilasová, Jiřina Vávrová, Mitko Alyakov, Aleš Tichý, Lenka Zárybnická, Zuzana Šinkorová, Vojtěch Tambor, Klára Kubelková, Jiří Dresler
MMSL 2011, 80(1):28-37 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2011.004
Aim: Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and its comprehensive variant CBMN cytome assay are cytogenetic methods. CBMN is based on assessment of micronuclei in nucleated cells that have completed only one nuclear division. Besides micronuclei, CBMN cytome assay analyzes additional genotoxic (nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds), cytostatic (nuclear division index), and cytotoxic (amount of necrotic and apoptotic cells) parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate these parameters in human blood lymphocytes after in vitro irradiation and to assess its contribution to biodosimetry. Material and methods: Human blood from 6 donors...
PHOSGENE OXIME - FORGOTEN CHEMICAL WEAPONReview article
Jiří Patočka, Kamil Kuča
MMSL 2011, 80(1):38-41 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2011.005
Phosgene oxime is an organic compound with the formula Cl2CNOH. It is a potent chemical weapon from the group of vesicants, specifically a nettle agent. Phosgene oxime is also known by its military designation, "CX". Phosgene oxime in both liquid and vapor forms causes severe pain and local tissue destruction on contact with eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.Depending on the exposure, injury may be local or systemic. The effects of the poisoning occur almost immediately. No antidote for phosgene oxime poisoning is known. Generally, any treatment is supportive. Phosgene oxime is nonpersistent in the environment and not presents great...
SENIOR MEDICAL STAFF OFFICER COURSE, NATO SCHOOL, OBERAMMERGAU, GERMANYLetter to the editor
Vladimír Pavlík, Eva Drahokoupilová
MMSL 2011, 80(1):42-43
From November 1 to November 5, 2010 I took part in a one-week Senior Medical Staff Officer Course at the NATO School in Oberammergau, Germany.Oberammeragau is a small town with 5 000 inhabitants situated in the Bavarian Alps, near the wellknown ski resort Garmisch Partenkirchen. It lies in a very nice part of the Bavarian Alps, about 850 m above sea level. The current school building was used as army barracks as early as 1937 and during the Second World War it was converted to a factory where Messerschmitt aircrafts were produced. The facility has functioned as the NATO School since 2005. From November 1 to November 5 four parallel courses for different...