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Éra moderní české polní medicíny začala v roce 1994. Česká republika se na výzvu mezinárodního společenství zavázala postavit polní zdravotnické zařízení k zajištění jednotek UNPROFOR. Vojenská zdravotnická služba v té době neměla k dispozici žádné odpovídající prostředky a nebyla připravena podobný úkol zajistit. Rozsáhlý skladový materiál byl morálně i technicky zastaralý a neexistovala moderní organizační struktura samostatného polního prvku. Úkol uchopila skupina lékařů chirurgického oddělení ÚVN Praha pod řízením pplk. MUDr. Miloslava Matouška. V průběhu šesti měsíců tento tým sestavil požadavky, nakoupil a sehnal vše, co malá nemocnice potřebuje ke své práci. 15.3.1994 byla jednotka s celým svým vybavením vypravena jih. V severní Dalmácii postavila kontejnerový komplex ambulantního a lůžkového zdravotnického zařízení s operačním sálem, 2 ARO lůžky, laboratoří, RTG a dalším zabezpečením, včetně ubytování personálu. Zařízení sloužilo k zajištění mezinárodních jednotek, přežilo ofenzívu chorvatské armády 1995, poté bylo přemístěno severně do Slavonie. Práce byla ukončena v roce 1998, zařízení bylo následně zaplaceno OSN a určeno k dalšímu použití jinde ve světě. ...

V posledním roce došlo k výrazným změnám zdravotního zabezpečení v Rusko – Ukrajinském konfliktu. Příčinami jsou výrazný nárůst intenzity konfliktu; převzetí iniciativy Ozbrojenými silami Ruské federace; nárůst použití dronů oběma stranami konfliktu; pokračující devastace ukrajinské infrastruktury; nestálá materiální pomoc zahraničních spojenců; zlepšení výcviku a nabývaní bojových zkušeností Ozbrojenými silami Ukrajiny a mnoho dalších. ....

Občania, ktorí sa hlásia do Ozbrojených síl Slovenskej republiky musia splniť 3 základné spôsobilosti: fyzickú, psychickú a zdravotnú spôsobilosť. ....

Pohlavně přenosná onemocnění (Sexually transmitted infections, STI) jsou závažným lékařským a socio-ekonomickým problémem. Jejich prevalence globálně vzrůstá a možnosti prevence jsou i přes značnou snahu spíše omezené. Prostředí armády je historicky spjato s šířením STI. Až v posledních dekádách se částečně daří zlepšit tuto negativní pověst ozbrojených složek. ....

Duševní choroby dle předpokladů postupně získávají pozici nemocí, které celosvětově nejvíce zatěžují zdravotnický systém. Jinak tomu není ani u armád NATO. Psychologický screening pozbývá i zbytek své efektivity v kontextu společnosti kde 40% populace mezi 18-25 lety zažilo nebo zažívá příznaky duševní nemoci, 5% této populace se alespoň jednou pokusilo o sebevraždu. ....

Zákon o vojácích z povolání pracuje s pojmem „vojenský poskytovatel“, pod kterým rozumí poskytovatele zdravotních služeb, kterým Ministerstvo obrany udělilo souhlas s poskytováním zdravotních služeb. Zákon dále zmocnil ministerstvo k vydání prováděcí vyhlášky upravující poskytování služeb vojenskými poskytovateli. Tato vyhláška pak podrobněji upravuje, co jsou zdravotnická zařízení, ale už ne, kdo jsou vojenští poskytovatelé. Konferenční příspěvek tak odpovídá na otázku, kdo může být označen jako vojenský poskytovatel podle zákona o vojácích z povolání, v kontextu zákona o zdravotních službách a podmínkách jejich poskytování a dalších právních předpisů. ....

Úvod: Bolest zad je velmi častý medicínský problém, který zhoršuje nejen kvalitu života ale i pracovní výkon. Prevalence bolesti zad v populaci západní Evropy je 15 %. Příčinou bolesti zad je převážně primární vertebrogenní onemocnění. Nejčastěji bývá postižena bederní páteř, dále krční a hrudní v poměru 4:2:1. ....

This presentation provides an exploration of the Israeli Defense Forces' (IDF) medical response during the "Swords of Iron" war, focusing on the strategies and innovations that enabled an extraordinary casualty survival rate exceeding 93%. The IDF employed cutting-edge approaches to combat casualty care, saving lives in one of the most challenging operational environments in recent history. ....

Kazuistika pojatá netradiční formou z pohledu pacienta pojednává o případu 24letého studenta VLF, u něhož se i přes absenci kardiovaskulárního rizika rozvinula během půl roku ICHD na pravé dolní končetině do stádia Fontaine IIb. ....

Úvod: Dotazník Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) je zásadním nástrojem pro hodnocení dopadu tinnitu na každodenní život, emocionální stav a kvalitu spánku pacientů. Jeho využití umožňuje zdravotníkům efektivněji plánovat a sledovat léčbu a rovněž shromažďovat data pro výzkumné účely, což pomáhá lepšímu porozumění této obtížné diagnóze. ....

V současné době probíhající válka na Ukrajině, jako symetrický konflikt vysoké intenzity s technologicky pokročilým nepřítelem, ale i konflikt v Gaze či opakované teroristické útoky po celém světě nás denně utvrzují v potřebě budovat nejen špičkovou civilní medicínu, ale být připraveni i na zásah v taktických či bojových podmínkách. Není potřeba zdůrazňovat, že rychlá, efektivní a kvalitní přednemocniční péče je nezbytným základem veškeré akutní zdravotní péče. ....

Cílem práce bylo ověřit, zda je nelékařský zdravotnický pracovník schopen provést videootoskopické vyšetření pomocí vzdáleného připojení s takovou kvalitou, aby mohl lékař vyšetřit pacienta na dálku. Abychom předcházeli poškození sluchu, bylo cílem také otestovat ochranné pomůcky sluchu společně s kombinací dalších osobních ochranných pomůcek a zjistit, zda mají vliv na jejich účinnost. ....

Úvod: Obezita je závažné chronické onemocnění postihující metabolismus a přímo či nepřímo celou řadu orgánových systémů, zejména kardiovaskulární a pohybový. Hodnota body mass indexu (BMI) je běžně používanou metodou hodnocení obezity, ale její přínos při měření tělesného složení, zejména u fyzicky zdatných jedinců, je omezen. ....

Úvod: Akutní mediastinitida je potenciálně fatální difúzní zánětlivé postižení mediastina s letalitou dosahující mnohdy 20-40 %. Nejčastějšími vyvolávajícími příčinami bývají descendentní šíření infekce z krku, např. odontogenního původu a perforační poranění jícnu (iatrogenní perforace, insuficience sutur a anastomóz po operacích jícnu, rozpad nádoru, poleptání nebo penetrující trauma). Chybění přirozené anatomické bariéry v oblasti horní hrudní apertury a řídké pojivo v mediastinu jsou významné faktory umožňující přestup infekce z krku a její rychlé šíření mezihrudním. ....

Přednáška představí nový dvoustupňový proces testování poruch barvocitu, navržený pro potřeby Armády České republiky (AČR). Cílem bylo vytvořit efektivní a rychlý způsob testování, který poskytuje konzistentní a spolehlivé výsledky. ....

Cílem sdělení je na kazuistice ukázat úspěchy i nežádoucí účinky moderní léčby akutní lymfoblastické leukemie (ALL). ....

Riziko vzniku radiačních událostí vzhledem k vývoji geo-politické situace ve světe roste. S tím roste i riziko velkého počtu suspektně ozářených pacientů, které musíme efektivně diagnostikovat a třídit. V přednášce se zaměříme na aktuální trendy ve výzkumu radiačních markerů, technologické pokroky v diagnostických metodách a jejich přenos do třídění pacientů v podmínkách AČR tak, aby byla zajištěna optimální zdravotnická péče. ....

Úvod: Odhaduje se, že úrazy očí představují 20 % všech zranění v novodobých válkách. V důsledku rozsáhlého bombardování a ostřelování je na Ukrajině mnoho pacientů s rozsáhlými poraněními obličeje včetně ztráty očí.  Toto je souhrnný přehled nedávné mise na Ukrajinu, kterou uskutečnil multioborový tým obličejové chirurgie charitativní nadace Face-the-Future Foundation (Toronto/Houston). ....

Background: Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a protein that has been associated with skeletal muscle regeneration, but details regarding its role in Arthritis remain unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate LCN2 levels of Arthritis patients and its relationship with oxidative and antioxidative factors.Methods: The study includes (125) blood samples of persons aged 20–65 years were divided into a control group (apparently healthy) consisting of 55 samples [31female, 24 males] and a Patient group consisting of 70 samples [37female, 33 males] who were attending the bone diseases consultation unit at the Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq. Venous blood samples (10 ml) were collected after overnight fasting. To conduct Clinical analyses: Serum LCN2 level was determined by ELISA, also Malonaldehyde, glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, peroxy nitrite, peroxidase, and aryl esterase were estimated.Results: The findings revealed a significant increase in the levels of LCN2 in Arthritis compared to the control group and there was a significant decrease in the concentration of vitamin C, glutathione, vitamin E and the activity of the arylesterase in serum of patients with arthritis compared with the control group. Also, a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase, concentration of peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde for patients than a control group.Conclusion: These findings imply that LCN2 may play a substantial role in iron-related oxidative stress damage in arthritis. Thus a therapeutic candidate target for treatment.

Background and Objectives: Initial diagnosis of brest cancer (BC) is important for fate and prognosis of the diseases profile, we sought to identify the correlation between Midkine (MK) as a new biomarker with cancer antigen (CA)15-3, liver function test, renal function test, blood cells parameters in individuals with invasive ductal carcinoma.Methods: The serum MK and CA15-3  of all subjects were measured by the ELISA technique, Liver enzymes were measured by colourimetric methods and neutrophils, and lymphocytes were measured by an Electrical Impedance Cell Counting method (automated machine).Results: The results of the correlation among serum MK and other parameters in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast showed a considerable positive correlation among MK and CA15-3 and measured white blood cells. Moreover, there were a weak correlation with Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and RBC, while there is no correlation between serum MK and other liver enzymes or blood parameters. Conclusion: The study results of the correlation between serum MK and other parameters in colorectal carcinoma patients show a significant positive correlation of MK with CA15-3 markers in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Juvenil, a nontoxic extract of bovine blood, is registered as a dietary supplement having no side effects. It contains a broad spectrum of free amino acids, as well as small proteins and oligopeptides (molecular weights up to 10 kDa), various nucleotides, and small amounts of phospholipids. The complex of these exclusively natural components has been shown to support physiological responses of supplemented organisms.Juvenil has been studied for several decades using a wide range of both experimental and clinical studies. Analyses have shown that it acts directly neither on individual functional systems of the body nor on individual metabolic processes. Current findings indicate that modulatory effects of Juvenil occur through modulation of gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the modulation of microbiota–gut–brain axis signaling. In murine model that modulatory effect is reflected in the expression of an early activation c-Fos marker in specific parts of the brain.In this review we present a set of findings about Juvenil, which has a wide range of positive effects on the functional systems of organisms. These effects can be used to strenghten the resistance, immunity, and regeneration of human beings. According to its effects Juvenil can be classified as a psychobiotics.

Based on many reports, an unmistakable link probably exists between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. A major predisposing factor determining severity and mortality of COVID-19 is diabetes mellitus, diabetic patients were shown to be at higher risk for developing severe COVID-19 disease than non-diabetics; many recent studies reported a striking prevalence of DM in those diagnosed with COVID-19. Accordingly, antidiabetic drugs can possibly impact the clinical course and / or the outcome of this infection, either by alleviating diabetes-associated symptoms, minimizing its complications, or by mitigating or aggravating COVID-19 disease by effects independent from their direct antidiabetic effects. Several antidiabetic drug classes were shown to have varying effects, like blocking viral entry to cells, as well as having immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, or cardioprotective effects; such effects could prove beneficial for COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, some antidiabetic agents may have adverse effects that aggravate patients’ condition like hypoglycemia, fluid retention, increased weight or lactic acidosis, which require special consideration in patient management. Some of the drugs were found in observational studies to either reduce mortality from COVID-19 or pose no harm, but more solid evidence from clinical trials is still lacking.

Background: Interleukin-18 (IL-18) belongs to the cytokine family IL-1. IL-18 is synthesized as inactive precursors which need to be processed into an active interleukin by the Caspase-1 enzyme. The role of IL-18 is implicated in several auto-immune disorders, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, bowel inflammation, sepsis, and acute kidney injury. IL-18 exhibits pro-inflammatory properties, such as increased cell adhesion molecules, nitric oxide production, enhancement of T-cell and natural killer cell maturation, and increasing the production of chemokines. This study was designed from November 2020 to February 2021 at Al-Shomali hospital, Babylon governorate, Iraq. This study aimed to assess the levels of IL-18 in patients with PCOS, T2DM and CAD before treatment with metformin and after metformin medication, and to evaluate the roles of IL-18 in the development of this disease. Materials and methods: The study design is a case-control study and patients are selected by simple randomization after diagnosis by a specialist based on clinical diagnosis and laboratory findings. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA) was used to estimate the level of serum IL-18 before and after metformin administration. A total of 300 patients were involved in this study, divided according to their chronic illness as 60 women with PCOS, 60 patients Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 60 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), and 60 patients with T2DM and MI. In addition, 30 healthy people as a control group. Results: Before treatment with metformin, the results were exhibited a significant difference (P≤0.0001) in the concentrations of IL-18 in PCOS, T2DM, and patients with CAD as compared with control. While, after metformin treatment, a significant decrease (P≤0. 01, P≤0.0001 and P≤0.001) in IL-18 level in patients with PCOS and T2DM and CAD respectively as compared to before metformin treatment. Conclusion: Metformin administration reduces the inflammatory events of IL-18 in patients with T2DM and CAD and PCOS.

Given their primacy in discussions over public health measures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper focuses on leadership’s messages around masks and mask-wearing, aiming to emphasise the responsibility of leadership in the formation of norms during public health crises. It argues for the importance of robust messaging as a key factor in confidence building and public abidance to health measures, using the shortcomings in mask-wearing communication as a case study. For this purpose, the paper first discusses securitization theory and places it in the context of health to build on risk communication framework. Secondly, it examines the role of leadership and meaning-making in that process by discussing the WHO’s early mask guidance and consequent challenges at the state-level by political and health leadership. Lastly, the paper confirms the importance of citizenry’s successful reception of health guidance and outlines potential tactics to do so. Having discussed that, the paper addresses other hindrances to public health messaging and confidence-building that rest outside official communication, namely disinformation and misinformation but also negative non-discursive messaging. This, with the aim of building on available literature on the development of epidemiological response and management from a security lens.

Introduction: Coronavirus (COVID-19)-patients with another critical ailment, such as tuberculosis need more effective care and therapy. This study aims to investigate the role of COVID-19 on active tuberculosis patients who are receiving directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis in Mosul.Methods: In a seven-month prospective observational case-control unicenter-study at a chest and respiratory disease clinic and control and disease center in Mosul, we examined two groups of the population. (cases): considered 100 patients who attend the chest and respiratory diseases clinic with clinically, laboratory, radiology diagnosed active tuberculosis and receiving Directly Observed Therapy for tuberculosis. The control group includes one hundred individuals randomly selected from daily reported tuberculosis-free COVID-19 patients at the control and disease center. The two groups were compared for COVID-19 infection clinical investigations, radiology, and laboratory tests (polymerase chain reaction test) for the cases and control. The present study revealed that from a total of 100 active tuberculosis patients who received Directly Observed Therapy for tuberculosis only one got COVID-19 infection and 10 of 100 for the controls which are significantly 9.1 times at risk of COVID-19 infection than those with tuberculosis and on Directly Observed Therapy.Conclusion: Patients with active tuberculosis and enrolled on Directly Observed Therapy appear to be at lower risk for COVID-19 infection.

Sufficiently long and quality sleep is essential for maintaining long-term health, the ability to learn new things and prevent of civilization diseases. Excessive stress and many work and study responsibilities can lead to the reduction of sleep needed. Within our investigation, we decided to chart the length of sleep at the students of the University of Defense and asses their sleep habits considering, besides their study duties, also the loading by military duties and this load may lead to inappropriate sleep habits. Three questions were asked for our research:1) To Find out how long the University of Defense students sleep on working and non-working days and whether this average length differs.2) If there are differences between the average women´s and men´s length of sleep at the University of Defense.3) Whether the students sleep as long as they say they need to. The following data were subsequently evaluated.

Nasal immunisation represents an innovative and perspective route of vaccine administration that provides many benefits compared to the more traditional approaches. Since most infections start on mucosal membranes, the mucosal immunisation provides a rational reason for its application. Mucosal delivery for vaccine administration (for example oral or nasal routes) could stimulate both systemic and mucosal immune responses. However, there are still some limitations that should be solved for a broader utilisation of this approach. There is still the necessity to use strongly immunogenic antigens or appropriate adjuvants for the induction of a strong immune response. The use of nanoparticles in the vaccine development could represent a promising approach for the mucosal vaccine research. Nanoparticles could thus serve as delivery vehicles providing to vaccines their unique properties, such as the antigen stabilisation and protection, serve as an adjuvant and elicit an antigen-specific immune response on the target sites.

The study was designed to evaluate the medical relevance of total homocysteine (tHcy), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) before and after chemotherapy for women with breast cancer (BRCA). Blood samples were taken from Oncology Unit in Merjian Teaching hospital in Hilla city (Iraq). Sixty patients suffering from breast cancer (BRCA) were enrolled in this study, and twenty-one apparently healthy subjects were considered as a control group control. We found that significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of BRCA patients who were not taken any medication was higher than in the control group (P<0.01) were (25±15) nmol/ml of MDA levels in BRCA patient and (14.5±7.9) nmol/ml of MDA levels in healthy controls. We found that treatment by chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase in MDA levels when compared with MDA levels in patients who were not taken any medication. The tHcy level in BRCA patients before and after treatment were changed. In addition, it is found that the mean serum TAC levels in BRCA patients were significantly less than in the control group. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the activity of chemotherapy and MDA levels in the patient and the same correlation between tHcy levels and TAC levels while a negative correlation was observed between TAC levels with MDA levels in the patient group.

The study was designed to evaluate the medical relevance of Malondialdehyde (MDA) (a marker of oxidative stress) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) groups, cured groups, and control groups; before and after taking the vaccine. Blood samples were taken from Oncology Unit in Al-Mahaweel hospital in Hilla city. Sixteen patients, sixteen cured patients, thirty control, sixteen subjects were taken one dose of Pfizer vaccine, sixteen subjects were taken two doses of Pfizer vaccine. We found that significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of COVID-19 patients and TAC decreased in patients when compared with the control groups. Inversely, we found the mean MDA levels decrease and increase in TAC levels in cured patients when compare with COVID-19 patients. In addition, it is found that subjects were taken one dose or two doses of the Pfizer vaccine have less MDA levels and more TAC levels than the COVID-19 vaccine for that reason the Pfizer vaccines play the important role in the activity of immune systems.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of 1% and 2% topical nifedipine ointments on TGF–β and the acceleration of facial skin wound healing in rabbits. Nifedipine ointments of 1% and 2% were prepared. Fifty healthy male rabbits were involved and distributed into two groups according to the study period: group A (7 days) and group B (14 days). Each group was subdivided into five groups (5 rabbits/group): Group I (Normal): rabbits did not undergo a surgical procedure and did not receive treatment; group II (negative control): rabbits had surgical wounds without treatment; group III (positive control): rabbits had surgical wounds with white petroleum treatment; group IV(nifedipine 1%): rabbits had surgical wounds with nifedipine 1% ointment treatment; and group V(nifedipine 2%): rabbits had surgical wounds with nifedipine 2% ointment treatment. Following euthanasia, blood samples (5 ml) were collected from all animals for TGF–β analysis using an ELISA kit. The TGF–β level in NFD 1% group was significantly higher on the 7^th and14^th day of the study associated with a higher rate of wound closure in comparison to other groups. Conclusions: Nifedipine 1% ointment has beneficial value for improving wound healing, while nifedipine NFD 2% has no such effect.