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The tonsils are lymphoepithelial tissues located in strategic areas of the oral pharynx. They are one of the organs known as mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (7). These immunocompetent tissues represent the first line of defence against ingested or inhaled foreign proteins, such as bacteria, viruses, or food antigens 1,2,7). They are continually directly bombarded by antigens, unlike the majority of lymph nodes, which receive antigens via the blood stream (2).....

9. - 11. October 1997, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

At this time we know thousands of organofluorine compounds and many of them are very toxic for humans (1). Mainly fluoroacetic acid and many other alifatic monofluoro compounds satisfied criteria of reliable poisons (2) and several these compounds were examined during the last war for possible use as chemical warfare agents (3-5). Author of this article hopes that more widespread knowledge of these very dangerous compounds may act as a deterrent to their illegal use and that concern may be stimulated in the search for more satisfactory methods of medical treatment.

23. May 1997, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase is characterized according to their properties and possible influencing of their activities by inhibitors and other factors.

In the IV^th century BC Hippocrates noted that obese people live shorter. Therefore a lot of efforts were done and attention was paid to study the obesity. It was stated that the obesity is a result of wrong nutrition, low physical activity, every-day stress and genetic factors. The obesity, in other words accumulation of fat in organism in amounts exceeding standards, is of the most frequent occurring pathological status. We talk about obesity when the body mass exceeds standard body mass over 20%. According to the WHO criterion obesity as just as overweight is described by Body Mass Index (BMI) indicator which is a value of quotient of body mass in kg and body height in m2. BMI value > 30 kg/m2 is recognised as obesity criterion....

Effects of sarin, soman and VX were described and discussed. The trigger mechanism of their action is inhibition of cholinesterases followed by non-specific changes. However, changes in cholinesterase molecular forms are of interest and they play an important role in mechanism of action of nerve agents, too.

9. - 11. October 1997, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

26 - 30. May 1997, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

Cholinergic nervous system plays an important role in many physiological and behavioral functions in all animals. The activity of central and peripheral nervous system depends on the production and fate of acetylcholine and all compounds influenced its biosynthesis, storage, release, hydrolysis, and interactions with different subtypes of acetylcholine both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Many natural neurotoxins also interact with different parts of cholinergic nervous system and these compounds are the aim of this review.