VZL 2006, 75(1):25-31

The Prevalence of Asymptomatic Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Forms in Adults and Its Impact on Vaccination in the Military

Roman Chlíbek ORCID...1, Jan Smetana ORCID...1, Roman Šindelář1, Beata Čečetková2
1 Univerzita obrany, katedra epidemiologie Fakulty vojenského zdravotnictví, Hradec Králové
2 Fakultní Thomayerova nemocnice s poliklinikou, Praha

Se stoupající účastí příslušníků AČR ve vojenských misích a přítomností vojáků v zahraničí stoupá na významu prevence vzniku infekčních onemocnění spojených s cestováním a pobytem v exotických oblastech. Z tohoto pohledu a z charakteru služebního nasazení jsou vojáci vystaveni více než kdo jiný nebezpečí vzniku infekčních onemocnění, eventuálně epidemií. Mezi nejčastější onemocnění, která jsou preventivně ovlivnitelná a jejich riziko nákazy při pobytu v endemických oblastech je vysoké, patří virová hepatitida A (VHA) a B (VHB). Proto také očkování proti těmto hepatitidám se v AČR provádí téměř rutinně u všech vojáků před výjezdem do zahraničí. S profesionalizací armády a absencí mladých vojáků základní služby se dá předpokládat, že věkový průměr bude spíše vyšší, než tomu bývalo v uplynulých letech. Séroprevalence protilátek bývá právě často ovlivněna věkem. Na základě výsledků sérologických přehledů z minulých let dochází k postupnému posunu vzestupu prevalence VHA, VHB protilátek do vyšších věkových skupin. Zejména je to markantní u prevalence protilátek proti VHA. Ve většině rozvinutých zemích, včetně ČR, je prevalence VHA závislá na věku a postupně klesá. Do jisté míry hraničním věkem, kdy dochází k nárůstu prevalence anti-HAV protilátek je věk 40 let.
Cílem práce bylo vyhodnotit séroprevalenci protilátek proti VHA a VHB v dospělé populaci mužů a žen starších 40 let, kteří nebyli nikdy vakcinováni proti VHA a/nebo VHB a zhodnotit význam prevakcinačního sérologického vyšetřování v armádě.

Keywords: Séroprevalence; Virová hepatitida A; Virová hepatitida B; Protilátky; Armáda

With increasing participation of the Czech Army personnel in military missions and presence of soldiers abroad, the prevention of infectious diseases connected with traveling and stays in exotic regions is more and more important. From this point of view and from the character of commitment, soldiers are exposed more than anybody else to the danger of infectious diseases or epidemics. Viral hepatitis A (VHA) and B (VHB) belong to the most frequent diseases which can be preventively influenced and whose infection risk during stays in endemic areas is high. For this reason, vaccination against these hepatitis is carried out in the Czech Army almost as a routine in all soldiers before going abroad. Due to professionalization of the army and absence of young soldiers doing compulsory military service, we can assume that the average age will be higher than in recent years. The seroprevalence of antibodies is often influenced by age. Based on the results of serological outlines from the past, the prevalence of VHA and VHB antibodies gradually transfers to higher age groups. This is especially striking in the prevalence of VHA antibodies. In the majority of developed countries, including the Czech Republic, VHA prevalence depends on age and gradually decreases. To some extent, the prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies begins to rise at the age of forty.The aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of VHA and VHB antibodies in men and women over 40 who were never vaccinated against VHA and/or VHB, and to assess the significance of pre-vaccination serological examination in the military.

Keywords: Seroprevalence; Viral hepatitis A; Viral hepatitis B; Antibodies; Military

Received: January 3, 2006; Published: March 1, 2006  Show citation

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Chlíbek, R., Smetana, J., Šindelář, R., & Čečetková, B. (2006). The Prevalence of Asymptomatic Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Forms in Adults and Its Impact on Vaccination in the Military. Vojenské Zdravotnické Listy, 75(1), 25-31
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