VZL 2010, 79(2):50-53

Beta-Amino Acids and Their Natural Biologically Active Derivatives. II. Derivatives of Beta-Lysine and Beta-Arginine

Jiří Patočka ORCID...
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, Zdravotně sociální fakulta, katedra radiologie a toxikologie, České Budějovice

Na rozdíl od proteinogenních α-aminokyselin, které jsou součástí všech proteinů a enzymů kontrolujících metabolismus živé hmoty, β-aminokyseliny, které nejsou tak hojné jako jejich α-isomery, můžeme většinou nalézt jako součást takových přírodních látek, jako jsou peptidy, cyklopeptidy, depsipeptidy, glykopeptidy, alkaloidy nebo terpenoidy. Zejména bakterie, cyanobakterie, houby a některé rostliny často inkorporují β-aminokyseliny do svých sekundárních metabolitů. Tyto pak slouží jako ochranné nástroje přežití v konkurenci s jinými organismy. Často mají tyto látky mohutnou biologickou aktivitu, která je založena právě na přítomnosti β-aminokyseliny.
Nejdůležitějšími β-aminokyselinami jsou β-alanin, β-leucin, β-lysin, β-arginine, β-glutamát, β-phenylalanin a β-tyrosin. Předmětem zájmu tohoto článku jsou β-lysin a β-arginin. Beta-lysin je součástí mnoha antibiotik: albothricin, capreomycin, lysinomycin, myomycin, streptothricin, tallysomycin, tuberactinomycin a viomycin. Beta-arginin byl nalezen pouze jako součást antibiotik blasticidinového typu.

Keywords: Beta-aminokyselina; Beta-lysin; Beta-arginin; Přírodní látky; Antibiotika

On contrary to proteinogenic α-amino acids that are constituents of all proteins and enzymes which control the metabolism in living matter, β-amino acids, which are less abundant than their α-isomers, mostly occur as constituents of distinct natural products, such as peptides, cyclopeptides, depsipeptides, glycopeptides, alkaloids, or terpenoids. Especially bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and some of plants often incorporate β-amino acids into secondary metabolites. These serve as tools to secure their survival in competition with other organism. Therefore, these compounds are often characterized by potent biological activities that are often crucially based on their β-amino acid substructures.The most important β-amino acids are β-alanine, β-leucine, β-lysine, β-arginine, β-glutamate, β-phenylalanine and β-tyrosine. This article is concerned about β-lysine and β-arginin. Beta-lysine is a constituent of many antibiotics: albothricin, capreomycin, lysinomycin, myomycin, streptothricin, tallysomycin, tuberactinomycin and viomycin. Beta-arginine has been found only as a constituent of antibiotics of the blasticidin type.

Keywords: Beta-Amino acid; Beta-Lysine; Beta-Arginine; Natural compounds; Antibiotics

Received: September 30, 2009; Published: June 1, 2010  Show citation

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Patočka, J. (2010). Beta-Amino Acids and Their Natural Biologically Active Derivatives. II. Derivatives of Beta-Lysine and Beta-Arginine. Vojenské Zdravotnické Listy, 79(2), 50-53
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