MMSL, 2012 (vol. 81), issue 1

CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSReview article

Vítězslav Vlček, Miroslav Pohanka

MMSL 2012, 81(1):2-8 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.001  

Carbamates neurotoxins are a group of compounds acting as pseudo-irreversible inhibitors of an enzyme acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The compounds are well known as pesticides. Some of them, such as rivastigmine, pyridostigmine, and neostigmine, can be used as drugs for Myasthenia gravis or Alzheimer disease as well. The present review is aimed to summarize the basic facts about carbamate pesticides. Legislative aspects, e.g. law No. 326/2004 Coll., in the Czech Republic and examples of accidental exposures to carbamates in the country are provided, too. Other general provisions are determined by the EU, in particular by the Directive...

TOPICALLY-USED GENTAMICIN ATTACHED TO NANOFIBRE MDOCTM COMPARED WITH GARAMYCIN SCHWAMM^® IN AN ACUTE WOUND INFECTION MODEL. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.Original article

Petr Lochman, Jiří Páral, Dušan Šimkovič, Jaromír Kočí

MMSL 2012, 81(1):9-15 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.002  

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of topically-used gentamicin attached to a biodegradable carrier, formed by micro-dispersed oxidised cellulose (MDOC) in nanofibre form, in acute wound infection treatment and to compare it with Garamycin Schwamm^®. Twelve domestic swines were used in a model of a full-thickness infected dermal wound. The effectiveness of both materials in wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was tested. The effectiveness of both gentamicin with MDOC and Garamycin Schwamm^® was comparable in Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

TERATOGENICITY AND EMBRYOTOXICITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN ANIMAL MODELS - A SHORT REVIEWReview article

Syed M Nurulain, M Shafiullah

MMSL 2012, 81(1):16-26 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.003  

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are a wide group of compounds both structurally and functionally. Each OPC has a unique toxicological profile. The exposure to this type of poison is not limited only to certain occupationally exposed people but also to children, women, pregnant women; all have chances to be exposed to this poison. During the recent past years it has been reported in many poison epidemiological studies and case reports that exposure of OPCs during pregnancy caused malformed fetuses, neural tube defect (NTD) and shortening of pregnancy. The literature for animal models reveals inconclusive evidence. The generalized view is that they...

INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENESIS OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSISReview article

Adéla Strašková, Jiří Stulík

MMSL 2012, 81(1):27-39 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.004  

Intracellular pathogen F. tularensis is a causative agent of tularemia disease and belongs to the most hazardeous pathogen worldwide, categorized by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA (CDC) as a category A agent. However, no safe and licensed vaccine for prevention a F. tularensis infection is available for vaccination. Tularemia is manifested by several forms depending on a route of infection and virulence of a F. tularensis strain. Essential to a development of the disease is the ability to infect, survive and proliferate inside the mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages or dendritic cells. Therefore, this...

NATURAL CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS FROM MUSHROOMSReview article

Jiří Patočka

MMSL 2012, 81(1):40-44 | DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2012.005  

Natural cholinesterase inhibitors were found in many biological sources: bacteria, blue-greens, plants, marine sponges, microscopic fungus, and in a smaller scale also in mushrooms, fruiting body of macroscopis fungus. Only cholinesterase inhibitors isolated from mushrooms are subjects of this minireview. These natural compounds with anticholinergic activity may be considered as prospective drugs against Alzheimer's disease.